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MoMA

Photo of collection object Government Approved Home Fallout Shelter Snack Bar

Government Approved Home Fallout Shelter Snack Bar, 1983

Michael Smith

American, born 1951

MoMA

Photo of collection object Cry for Freedom

Cry for Freedom, 1973

Malangatana Valente Ngwenya

Mozambican, 1936 – 2011

Feed, Grain, Oil, Coal, 1943

Carl Gaertner

Carl Gaertner (American, 1898–1952)

MoMA

Photo of collection object The World War had caused a great shortage in Northern industry and also citizens of foreign countries were returning home

The World War had caused a great shortage in Northern industry and also citizens of foreign countries were returning home, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object In many of the communities the Negro press was read continually because of its attitude and its encouragement of the movement

In many of the communities the Negro press was read continually because of its attitude and its encouragement of the movement, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object Another of the social causes of the migrants' leaving was that at times they did not feel safe, or it was not the best thing to be found on the streets late at night. They were arrested on the slightest provocation

Another of the social causes of the migrants' leaving was that at times they did not feel safe, or it was not the best thing to be found on the streets late at night. They were arrested on the slightest provocation, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object Child labor and a lack of education was one of the other reasons for people wishing to leave their homes

Child labor and a lack of education was one of the other reasons for people wishing to leave their homes, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object And people all over the South began to discuss this great movement

And people all over the South began to discuss this great movement, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object The labor agent who had been sent South by Northern industry was a very familiar person in the Negro counties

The labor agent who had been sent South by Northern industry was a very familiar person in the Negro counties, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object In every home people who had not gone North met and tried to decide if they should go North or not

In every home people who had not gone North met and tried to decide if they should go North or not, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object The railroad stations in the South were crowded with people leaving for the North

The railroad stations in the South were crowded with people leaving for the North, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object The Negro press was also influential in urging the people to leave the South

The Negro press was also influential in urging the people to leave the South, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object They arrived in great numbers into Chicago, the gateway of the West

They arrived in great numbers into Chicago, the gateway of the West, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object They also worked in large numbers on the railroad

They also worked in large numbers on the railroad, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object The Negro was the largest source of labor to be found after all others had been exhausted

The Negro was the largest source of labor to be found after all others had been exhausted, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object The migrants arrived in great numbers

The migrants arrived in great numbers, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object They also made it very difficult for migrants leaving the South. They often went to railroad stations and arrested the Negroes wholesale, which in turn made them miss their train

They also made it very difficult for migrants leaving the South. They often went to railroad stations and arrested the Negroes wholesale, which in turn made them miss their train, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object Living conditions were better in the North

Living conditions were better in the North, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object Industries attempted to board their labor in quarters that were oftentimes very unhealthy. Labor camps were numerous

Industries attempted to board their labor in quarters that were oftentimes very unhealthy. Labor camps were numerous, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object Housing for the Negroes was a very difficult problem

Housing for the Negroes was a very difficult problem, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object Race riots were very numerous all over the North because of the antagonism that was caused between the Negro and white workers. Many of these riots occurred because the Negro was used as a strike breaker in many of the Northern industries

Race riots were very numerous all over the North because of the antagonism that was caused between the Negro and white workers. Many of these riots occurred because the Negro was used as a strike breaker in many of the Northern industries, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object One of the largest race riots occurred in East St. Louis

One of the largest race riots occurred in East St. Louis, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object One of the main forms of social and recreational activities in which the migrants indulged occurred in the church

One of the main forms of social and recreational activities in which the migrants indulged occurred in the church, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

MoMA

Photo of collection object Among one of the last groups to leave the South was the Negro professional who was forced to follow his clientele to make a living

Among one of the last groups to leave the South was the Negro professional who was forced to follow his clientele to make a living, 1940-41

Jacob Lawrence

American, 1917–2000

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